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Carol RyffDirector, Institute on Aging |
Carol D. Ryff, Ph.D., is Director of the Institute on Aging and Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research centers on the study of psychological well-being, an area in which she has developed multidimensional assessment scales that have been translated to more than 25 different languages and are currently in use studies around the world. Investigations by Dr. Ryff and colleagues focus on how psychological well-being (i.e., self-acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth, positive relations with others, autonomy) varies by age, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic/minority status as well as by the experiences, challenges, and transitions individuals confront as they age. Ongoing longitudinal investigations, including MIDUS, are exploring the topic of resilience – why some individuals are able to maintain their well-being and health even in the face of significant life challenges. The links between positive mental and physical health are also a primary focus in her ongoing longitudinal studies, with recent findings linking well-being to a comprehensive battery of biomarkers (cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, immune).
Dr. Ryff has catalyzed extensive multidisciplinary research on topics related to life course development (e.g., parenting; aging transitions; social relations, emotions, and health). Since 1996, she has edited four books that summarize recent findings in these areas. She currently directs the MIDUS II (Midlife in the U.S.) national survey, which is funded by a $26 million grant from the National Institute on Aging.
Representative Publications
Charles, S.T., Almeida, D.M., Ryff, C.D., Sturm, M., & Love, G.D. (In Review)Fewer ups and downs: Age differences in triggers of emotional experience. Journal of Gerontology.
LaGuardia, J.G., Almeida, D.M., Love, G.D., & Ryff, C.D. (In Review)Authentic emotional engagement in aging women: Daily consequences of psychological and physiological health. Emotion.
Costanzo, E.S., Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2009). Psychosocial adjustment among cancer survivors: Findings from a National Survey of Health and Well-Being. Health Psychology, 28(2), 147-156.
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Friedman, E.M., Williams, D.R., Singer, B.H., & Ryff, C.D. (2009). Chronic discrimination predicts higher circulating levels of E-selectin in a national sample: The MIDUS study. Brain, Behavior & Immunity, 23(5), 684-692.
Gruenewald, T.L., Mroczek, D.K., Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2008). Diverse pathways to positive and negative affect in adulthood and later life: An integrative approach using recursive partitioning. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 330-343.
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Lachman, M.E., Rocke, C., Rosnick, C., & Ryff, C.D. (2008). Realism and illusion in Americans' temporal views of their life satisfaction: Age differences in reconstructing the past and anticipating the future. Psychological Science, 19(9), 889-897.
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Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39.
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Friedman, E., Williams, D., Singer, B., & Ryff, C. (2008). 113. Perceived discrimination predicts elevated levels of fibrinogen in a national sample: Data from the Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22(4, Supplement 1), 36-37.
Ryff, C.D., Love, G.D., Urry, H.L., Muller, D., Rosenkranz, M.A., Friedman, E., Davidson, R.J., & Singer, B. (2006). Psychological well-being and ill-being: Do they have distinct or mirrored biological correlates? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75, 85-95.
Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (2006). Best evidence yet for the six-factor model of psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 35(2006), 1103-1119.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2005). Social environments and the genetics of aging: Advancing knowledge of protective health mechanisms. Journal of Gerontology, 60B (Special Issue 1), 12-23.
Brim, O. G., Ryff, C. D., & Kessler, R. C. (2004). The MIDUS national survey: An overview. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (pp.1-36). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Markus, H. R., Ryff, C. D., Barnett, K. L., & Palmersheim, K.A. (2004). In their own words: Well-being at midlife among high school and college educated adults. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (273-319). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Ryff, C. D., Keyes, C. L. M., & Hughes, D. L. (2004). Psychological well-being in MIDUS: Profiles of ethnic/racial diversity and life course uniformity. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 398-424). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Palmersheim, K. A. (2004). Social inequalities in health and well-being: The role of relational and religious protective factors. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 90-123). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueller, C. J., Rosenkranz, M. A., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Making a life worth living: Neural correlates of well-being. Psychological Science, 15, 367-372.
Singer, B., Ryff, C.D., & Seeman, T. (2004). Operationalizing allostatic load. In J. Schulkin (Ed.), Allostasis, homeostasis, and the costs of physiological adaptation (pp. 113-149). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ryff, C. D., Keyes, C. L. M., & Hughes, D. L. (2003). Status inequalities, perceived discrimination, and eudaimonic well-being: Do the challenges of minority life hone purpose and growth? Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 44(3), 275-291.
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Rosenkranz, M.A., Jackson, D.C, Dalton K.M., Dolski, I., Ryff, C.D., Singer, B.H., Muller, D., Kalin, N.H., Davidson, R.J. (2003). Affective style and in vivo immune response: Neurobehavioral mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 11148-11152.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2003). The role of emotion on pathways to positive health. In R.J. Davidson, K.R. Scherer, & H.H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp.1083-1104). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kwan, C.M.L., Love, G.D., Ryff, C.D., & Essex, M.J. (2003). The role of self-enhancing evaluations in a successful life transition. Psychology and Aging, 18, 3-12.
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
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Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2002). From social structure to biology: Intergrative science in pursuit of human health and well-being. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology. London: Oxford University Press.
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Seeman, T.E., Singer, B.H., Ryff, C.D., Love, G.D., & Levy-Storms, L. (2002). Social relationships gender, and allostatic load across two age cohorts. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 395-406.
Seeman, TE, Singer, B, Ryff, C, Levy-Storms, L. (2002). Psychosocial factors and the development of allostatic load. Psychosomatic Medicine 64:395-406, May/June 2002.
Markus, H. R., Ryff, C. D., Conner, A. L., Pudberry, E. K., & Barnett, K. L. (2001). Themes and variations in American understandings of responsibility. In A. S. Rossi (Ed.), Caring and doing for others: Social responsibility in the domains of family, work, and community. Chicago: The Chicago University Press.
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Ryff, C. D., Kwan, C. M. L., & Singer, B. H. (2001). Personality and aging: Flourishing agendas and future challenges. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (5th ed., pp. 477-499). San Diego: Academic Press.
Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., Wing, E., & Love, G. D. (2001). Elective affinities and uninvited agonies: Mapping emotion with significant others onto health. In C. D. Ryff & B. H. Singer (Eds.), Emotion, social relationships, and health (pp. 133-175). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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Singer, B., & Ryff, C.D. (2001). Understanding aging via person-centered methods and the integration of numbers and narratives. In R.H. Binstock & L.K. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences, 5th edition (pp.44-65). San Diego: Academic Press.
Singer, B., & Ryff, C.D. (2001). New horizons in health: An integrative approach Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Ryff, C. D. (2000). Subjective change and mental health: A self-concept theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 264-279.
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Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2000). Interpersonal flourishing: A positive health agenda for the new millennium. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 30-44.
Ryff, C. D., Magee, W. J., Kling, K. C., & Wing, E. H. (1999). Forging macro-micro linkages in the study of psychological well-being. In C. D. Ryff & V. W. Marshall (Eds.), The self and society in aging processes (pp. 247-278). New York: Springer.
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Singer, B., & Ryff, C.D. (1999). Hierarchies of life histories and associated health risks. In N.E. Adler, M. Marmot, B.S. McEwen, & J. Stewart (Eds.), Socioeconomic status and health in industrialized nations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 96-115.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1998). Generativity in adult lives: Social structural contours and quality of life consequences. In D. P. McAdams & E. de St. Aubin (Eds.), Generativity and adult development: How and why we care for the next generation (pp. 227-263). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
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Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). Middle age and well-being. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mental health (pp. 707-719). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Marmot, M. G., Fuhrer, R., Ettner, S. L., Marks, N. F., Bumpass, L. L., & Ryff, C. D. (1998). Contribution of psychosocial factors to socioeconomic differences in health. Milbank Quarterly, 76(3), 403-448.
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Ryff, C.D., Singer, B., Love, G.D. and Essex, M.J. (1998). Resilience in adulthood and later life: Defining features and dynamic processes. J. Lomranz (Ed.), Handbook of mental health and aging. New York: Springer-Verlag..
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1-28.
Singer, B., Ryff, C. D., Carr, D., & Magee, W. J. (1998). Life histories and mental health: A person-centered strategy. In A. Raftery (Ed.), Sociological Methodology, 1998 (pp.1-51). Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association.
Marmot, M.G., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M. & Marks, N.F. (1997). Social inequalities in health--a major public health problem. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 901-910.
Kling, K. C., Seltzer, M. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Distinctive late life challenges: Implications for coping and well-being. Psychology and Aging, 12, 288-295.
Marmot, M., Ryff, C. D., Bumpass, L. L., Shipley, M., & Marks, N. F. (1997). Social inequalities in health: Converging evidence and next questions. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 901-910.
Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Personality and well-being: What is the connection? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 549-559.
Ryff, C. D., Lee, Y. H., Essex, M. J., & Schmutte, P. S. (1994). My children and me: Mid-life evaluations of grown children and of self. Psychology and Aging, 9, 195-205.
Heidrich, S. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1993). The role of social comparisons processes in the psychological adaptation of elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology, 48, P127-P136.
Heidrich, S. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1993). Physical and mental health in later life: The self-system as mediator. Psychology and Aging, 8, 327-338.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). In the eye of the beholder: Views of psychological well-being among middle and old-aged adults. Psychology and Aging, 4, 195-210.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.